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	<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Dust Removal with Flatfield</h1>
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		<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From PanoTools.org Wiki</div>
		
		
		
		
		
		
		<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p>Dust can get into camera optics. In panorama images created from such photos the repetitive pattern can be particulary irritating, as a dust speck or a dust speck pattern tends to show up multiple times.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:602px;"><a class="external" href="https://wiki.panotools.org/File:Tuebingen_Neckarfront_withdustspots_small15_2006-06-11.jpg"><img alt="" src="600px-Tuebingen_Neckarfront_withdustspots_small15_2006-06-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="166" class="thumbimage" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>Image with dust specks</div></div></div>
<p>One can prepare a flatfield for correction. While one may correct the input files prior to stitching precessing each with <i>GIMP</i> for example, a much smoother workflow results if the stitching software itself provides for the use of a flatfield.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:602px;"><a class="external" href="https://wiki.panotools.org/File:Tuebingen_Neckarfront_small15_2006-06-11.jpg"><img alt="" src="600px-Tuebingen_Neckarfront_small15_2006-06-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="186" class="thumbimage" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>Image without dust specks</div></div></div>
<p>Flatfields may also be used to correct <a href="Vignetting.html" title="Vignetting">vignetting</a>, or vignetting correction and dust removal combined. But even with hugin 0.7 using a parametrisation approach for vignetting, a suitably prepared flatfield is useful for dust removal.<br style="clear:both;" />
</p>
<h2><a name="Example_of_flatfield_performance"><span class="mw-headline">Example of flatfield performance</span></a></h2>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><img alt="" src="120px-Flatfield3_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" /></div></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Original image
</p>
			</div>
		</div></li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><img alt="" src="120px-Flatfield1_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" /></div></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Snapped raw flatfield
</p>
			</div>
		</div></li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><img alt="" src="120px-Flatfield2_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" /></div></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Flatfield
</p>
			</div>
		</div></li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><img alt="" src="120px-Flatfield4_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" /></div></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Corrected image
</p>
			</div>
		</div></li>
</ul>
<p>Leftmost in the gallery a photo with dust in the lense. Here it is rather visible,
as my camera sometimes had the habit of showing a focussed image
of the dust specks as well. I have downscaled the images.
</p><p>Shortly later the camera fell into that habit again, and I had a
whiteboard nearby, so I set the lense aperture to the same value
and took a photo of the featureless whiteboard.
It is rather dark, but it shows the same dust specks
as the photo I want to correct.
</p><p>After some brightness adjustment and blurring (details on request)
with GIMP the thrid images is now the flatfield as used in the layer 
with the mode set to "divide".
</p><p>Rightmost the corrected photo. If one looks closely I did not get
the flatfield completely right in the upper half of the image,
as the white in the flatfield is blown the dust specks in the sky are under-corrected.
See in particular the top left corner. with a little more time
I probably could produce a better flatfield version. But the specks
on the runway are pretty much gone.
</p><p>This example is shown with a view towards hugin, where in hugin 0.6beta 
flatfield image was available but hugin 0.7beta5 does no longer have it in the GUI.
In particular within a panorama stitch the dust specks have the nasty habit of showing up
several times and forming a repetitive pattern which your eye
is faster to spot than a single spot positioned at random.
</p>

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